So What - A Masterpiece Of Modal Jazz That Embraces Unfettered Freedom
“So What” stands as a pivotal moment in jazz history, transcending mere musical composition and evolving into a philosophical statement about artistic liberation.
Composed by the legendary trumpeter Miles Davis for his 1959 album “Kind of Blue,” this seemingly simple melody, built on just two chords, unleashed a tidal wave of innovation within the jazz world. Prior to “So What,” jazz harmonies generally adhered to complex chord progressions and intricate melodic structures.
However, Davis and his band, featuring John Coltrane on tenor saxophone, Cannonball Adderley on alto saxophone, Bill Evans on piano, Paul Chambers on bass, and Jimmy Cobb on drums, dared to break the mold. They embraced the concept of “modal jazz,” a style that emphasized scales (modes) rather than specific chord changes.
This radical approach allowed for unparalleled improvisation and exploration. The musicians could stretch and bend melodic phrases over extended periods, creating a sense of spaciousness and freedom rarely heard in earlier jazz recordings.
“So What” opens with Davis’ iconic trumpet phrase, a melancholic yet captivating melody that immediately sets the stage for the sonic journey ahead. The music unfolds gradually, allowing each musician ample space to express themselves. Coltrane’s tenor saxophone soars with passionate intensity, while Adderley’s alto adds a playful counterpoint. Evans’ piano chords shimmer with understated elegance, anchoring the harmonic foundation without overwhelming the soloists.
Chambers’ basslines provide a steady pulse, grounding the music even as it ventures into uncharted territory. Cobb’s drumming is subtle yet powerful, driving the rhythm forward with delicate precision.
The piece unfolds in two distinct sections:
| Section | Key/Mode | Tempo | Character |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | D Dorian | Slow | Introspective, melancholic |
| B | E Phrygian | Moderately Fast | Energetic, improvisational |
Breaking Down the “So What” Experience:
- The Power of Simplicity: “So What” is a testament to the beauty of simplicity. The two-chord structure may seem minimal at first glance, but it allows for an incredible depth of exploration.
- Collective Improvisation: Davis envisioned his band as a collective unit, encouraging each musician to contribute their unique voice.
The solos are not simply individual showpieces; they weave together, creating a tapestry of sound that is greater than the sum of its parts.
- A Lasting Legacy: “So What” has had an undeniable impact on generations of musicians. Its modal approach and emphasis on improvisation continue to inspire artists across genres.
Even today, “So What” remains one of the most recognizable and beloved jazz compositions of all time, serving as a timeless reminder that true artistic freedom lies in breaking boundaries and embracing the unexpected.
Let us delve into the backgrounds of these musical innovators who brought “So What” to life:
Miles Davis:
A towering figure in jazz history, Miles Davis was known for his innovative approach to improvisation and his willingness to experiment with new sounds and styles. From bebop to cool jazz to fusion, Davis constantly pushed the boundaries of the genre, leaving an indelible mark on the evolution of jazz. His musical journey spanned over five decades, marked by groundbreaking albums such as “Birth of the Cool” (1957), “Kind of Blue” (1959), and “Bitches Brew” (1970).
John Coltrane:
A saxophone virtuoso known for his intense and spiritual playing style. Coltrane’s solos were often characterized by their rapid-fire runs, soaring melodies, and a sense of profound searching. His groundbreaking work on albums like “Giant Steps” (1960) and “A Love Supreme” (1965) cemented his legacy as one of the most influential saxophonists in jazz history.
Cannonball Adderley:
Renowned for his bright, melodic alto saxophone sound. Adderley’s playing was characterized by its joyful exuberance and technical prowess. His collaborations with Miles Davis on “Kind of Blue” and other albums showcased his versatility as a musician. He also led his own highly successful band, the Cannonball Adderley Quintet, which blended hard bop with elements of soul and funk.
Bill Evans: A pianist whose delicate touch and harmonic sophistication defined the sound of modal jazz. Evans’ playing was characterized by its subtle melodies, introspective mood, and ability to create a sense of space within the music. His collaborations with Miles Davis on “Kind of Blue” are considered essential listening for any jazz enthusiast.
Paul Chambers: A bassist who provided a strong rhythmic foundation for many groundbreaking jazz recordings. Chambers’ playing was characterized by its melodic sensibility and precise timekeeping. He was a key member of the Miles Davis Quintet, contributing to some of the band’s most iconic albums.
Jimmy Cobb:
A drummer whose understated style perfectly complemented the musicians in the Miles Davis Quintet. Cobb’s drumming was both subtle and powerful, driving the music forward with a delicate touch. His contributions to “Kind of Blue” helped create the album’s timeless sound.
Experiencing “So What”: A Guide for Beginners:
- Listen attentively: Immerse yourself in the sound and let the music wash over you.
- Focus on individual instruments: Try to isolate each musician’s contribution, appreciating their unique styles.
- Pay attention to the interplay: Notice how the musicians respond to one another’s solos, creating a dialogue through their improvisations.
- Let the emotions guide you: Allow yourself to be swept away by the melancholic beauty and passionate intensity of the piece.
“So What” is not just music; it’s an experience. A journey into the heart of artistic freedom and improvisation. Embrace its simplicity, marvel at the collective genius of the musicians involved, and let the timeless melodies transport you to another realm.